Simple and Compound Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Simple and Compound Interest - Essay Example Simple interest is interest expressed as a percentage of principal or the original amount borrowed or lent, for the entire period of borrowing. The interest will be the income received with regard to the lending or the price paid for the utilization of borrowed amount.   Simple interest happens to be the fastest as well as easiest approach of computing the interest on amount borrowed or lend. A car loan is a very popular example of simple interest, with which interest is charged only on the principal or original amount borrowed or lent. Below is the formula utilized in calculating interest owed in simple interest: Compound interest is interest expressed as a percentage of the revised principle.   In other words, compound interest may be referred to as interest added to the principal amount of a loan or deposit in order for the interest added to also earn interest onwards. In this approach, interest earned within the prior periods is added to the initial amount/principal: this inc reases the amount, on which the next period’s interest will be charged. The summing up of the principal amount and the interest is referred to as compounding. In this case, interest has to be paid on principal amount as well as interest accumulated during the deposit or loan term. It happens to be normal for banks to pay interest on semi -annually basis. Financial institutions, on the other hand, have a guiding principle of paying interest on quarterly basis. It is important to understand to how to calculate compound interest.

All About Maps Essay Example for Free

All About Maps Essay What are maps? Maps are the world reduced to points, lines, and areas, using a variety of visual resources: size, shape, value, texture or pattern, colour, orientation, and shape. A thin line may mean something different from a thick one, and similarly, red lines from blue ones. How do maps represent reality? A photograph shows all objects in its view; a map is an abstraction of reality. The cartographer selects only the information that is essential to fulfil the purpose of the map, and that is suitable for its scale. Maps use symbols such as points, lines, area patterns and colours to convey information. Why are maps important? A map gives a miniature picture of a very large space. A map is a guide to a space you have not encountered before. Maps have distance, mountains, rivers, and shapes of places or destinations. With a map, one does not have to depend on local directions. For a small price, it is a direction finder and a dependable way to take a journey. What are atlases? An atlas is a collection of maps in book form. Atlases are made for different regions and areas, and are prepared for desk use or travel use. A travel atlas is usually packaged for easy use during a trip, often with spiral bindings so it can be folded flat, and with maps at a large zoom so that they can be easily consulted on the go. A desk atlas features sizes and bindings that are typical for reference books: usually a paperback or hardcover format. Lines of latitude These are imaginary lines that circle the world in an east-west direction. They tell you how far north or south a place is from the Equator. They are drawn parallel to the Equator. There are five main lines of latitude. They are the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. Lines of longitude Longitude is the angular distance, measured in degrees, east and west of the Prime Meridian, which is at 0o. These are imaginary lines that run across the Earth’s surface in a north-south direction, from the North Pole to the South Pole. Legends and symbols Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without symbols, we wouldnt have maps. Both shapes and colours can be used for symbols on maps. A small circle may mean a point of interest, with a brown circle meaning recreation, red circle meaning services, and green circle meaning rest stop. Colours may cover larger areas of a map, such as green representing forested land and blue representing waterways. To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Le

Australia And Asia Essay -- essays research papers

This essay analyses the Australian-China bilateral relationship since 1945 and in particular its political significance to Australia. Many global factors have influenced this relationship, including the advent of the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Soviet bloc European nations. In addition, internal political changes in Australia and China have both affected and been affected by the global changes. It will be analysed that Australia’s bilateral relationship with China has always had a sharp political edge but that approaching the new millenium economics and trade considerations are shaping Australias and for that matter Chinese politics. A central feature of the Government's approach to foreign and trade policy is the importance it attaches to strengthening bilateral relationships. Bilateral relationships are not an alternative to regional and multilateral efforts. Indeed, bilateral, regional and multilateral efforts are mutually supportive. When Australia works closely with another country on a global initiative, such as the conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention, it strengthens the bilateral relationship with that country. Similarly, cooperation within APEC helps to consolidate Australia's relations with individual APEC economies. In this way, multilateral and regional efforts feed back into, and broaden, bilateral relationships (Aggarwal 1998). In the Cold War years of the late 1940’s and lasting well into the proceeding four decades (Vadney 1998) Australian government policy towards China after the Chinese communist birth in 1949, was virtually achieved by an overriding commitment to anti-communism. Australias participation in the Korean War and later the Vietnam War meant that in a very real sense China (which gave direct tangible support to both the North Koreans and the North Vietnamese) was Australias enemy (Vadney 1998). Not surprisingly during this period there was a substantial body of public opinion which, either because of initiation at Australias involvement in both the Korean and Vietnam War’s, was because of interest in developing closer ties with China in economic and humanitarian grounds, was influencing the political orientation of the Australian government. The election of the Whitlam Labor government in 1972 saw the emergence of an explicit â€Å"recognition of China policy† and although this gov... ...est trading partner, and Australia as China's eleventh largest bilateral trading partner. Australian investment in China has expanded in recent years, and Australian firms have established a significant and growing presence. The Australian government has been working to advance these interests by improving market access to China. On 31 May 1999 Mr. Fischer, the then Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade, announced that, during his visit to China, Australia had reached in-principle bilateral agreement on key market access issues relating the China's accession to the WTO (Aggarwal 1998). The evidence is clear, Australias political appraisal at Chinese communism has changed dramatically since 1945. From an ally in World War 2, to an enemy in Korea and Vietnam and from an ideological assessment of â€Å"marauding yellow hordes† ready to invade Australias shores to a friendly regional Nation (partner almost) in the universal drive for economic growth and superiority. This bilateral relationship appears to have subsumed political differences and may well be ushering in a period or international economic and trading conglomerates encompassing hitherto sworn political adversaries.

Essay on The Pardoner of Chaucers Canterbury Tales :: Pardoners Tale

The Canterbury Tales - The Pardoner The Canterbury Tales is a poetic story of a group of people, who were going to pilgrimage. They were going to the tomb of St. Thomas a Bechet in Canterbury, which is about sixty miles from London in England. In that group, there were clergy and laity people. And in the poem Chaucer described all of them so well that we can easily see the picture of how they lived and how they behaved in manners of work and other ways of life. And while he was describing, he also criticized some members of the clergy position, because of their abusing of their position and doing things that they were not supposed to do, or not doing something they were supposed to do in their position. Among those people whom Chaucer criticized very much were the Friar and the Pardoner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval society, where people were very religious, illiterate and superstitious, the Friar was respected as God himself. The Friar’s job in the church was to help people, who committed crime, by giving them a guide to pray for a certain time so that they can receive absolution. But the Friar in the Canterbury Tales was not honest and dedicated in doing his job. He abused his position by taking money from people who came to confess. He told them that they would get absolution if they pay him and thus broke the vow of obedience because it is against the Catholic Church. He broke the vow of chastity by having adulterous relationships with other women. By wearing expensive clothes, spending his time with wealthy people rather than helping beggars or sick lepers, he broke the vow of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Pardoner is a person who says prayer for dead people so that the sins they had committed in life would   be forgiven. The Pardoner of The Canterbury Tales abused his position by selling some papers which he claimed if people bought, their time in purgatory would be shortened after death; he sold them for very high price. He also claimed that he had Virgin Mary’s veil, which would have been 1330 years after Mary died. He also claimed that he had St. Peter’s sail and said the pig bones, he always carried with him, were relics of St. Peter. Chucer also criticized him by implying him as a homosexual by referring him to a gelding or a mare.

Business Research Process Essay

Abstract The business research process is an important tool that can help the marketing in a business. By using the steps of this process managers are able to make decisions based on the study of the consumer and target audience. It is also important to identify the competitors in order to stay profitable and competitive. Business Research Process The business research method involves the studying of all parts of a company, the customers, and the market to make important decisions for the business. The strengths and weaknesses of a company are evaluated but especially how a customer views their goods and merchandise. Management studies the competition and the industry that which they are a part of. As part of the management at AZ Alarm Company, I make use of the business research process myself. The first step in this process is to identify the significant competitors in the industry. In the alarm industry it is important to know what other companies are offering so that we stay competitive and bring in new customers while still making a profit. Most of this information is readily available and easy to obtain. The second step in the process is to study the customer or consumer. Doing this enables management to find out what the needs and wants are in order to create new products. By analyzing this information it is also to be determined the amount of money someone is willing to spend on these services. After this information has been gathered it is ready to be analyzed. Companies sometimes use the SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. This method enables a business owner or management to enhance their strengths and to figure out what needs to do to change their weaknesses into strengths. Opportunities need to be taken advantage of and utilized because they will not always be available. The target audience also needs to be taken into consideration. If a business is marketing to people that will not use or benefit from their product or service they will not be able to meet their full potential. This can also affect their profit and gain immensely. All of the steps in the business research method are only effective if the information is used and applied to develop and better their marketing strategies. Collecting and analyzing data is something that is ongoing and should be done continuously. As times and technology change so does a consumers wants, needs, and preferences. At AZ Alarm we are always to striving to have the newest and latest technology but also at a competitive price so that we stay on top. References Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Suttle, R. (2013). The Steps in a Business Research Process. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/steps-business-research-process-3294.html Suttle, R. (2013). What Is a Business Research Process?. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/business-research-process-3279.html

Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Abiotic and Biotic Stresses What causes a plant to be stressed? As with humans, stresses can originate from the surrounding environment or, they can come from living organisms that can cause disease or damage. Water Stress One of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plants is water stress. A plant requires a certain amount of water for its optimal survival; too much water (flooding stress) can cause plant cells to swell and burst; whereas drought stress (too little water) can cause the plant to dry up, a condition called desiccation. Either condition can be deadly to the plant. Temperature Stress Temperature stresses can also wreak havoc on a plant. As with any living organism, a plant has an optimal temperature range at which it grows and performs best. If the temperature is too cold for the plant, it can lead to cold stress, also called chilling stress. Extreme forms of cold stress can lead to freezing stress. Cold temperatures can affect the amount and rate of uptake of water and nutrients, leading to cell desiccation and starvation. Under extremely cold conditions, the cell liquids can freeze outright, causing plant death. Hot weather can affect plants adversely, too. Intense heat can cause plant cell proteins to break down, a process called denaturation. Cell walls and membranes can also melt under extremely high temperatures, and the permeability of the membranes is affected. Other Abiotic Stresses Other abiotic stresses are less obvious but can be equally as lethal. In the end, most abiotic stresses affect the plant cells in the same manner as do water stress and temperature stress. Wind stress can either directly damage the plant through sheer force; or, the wind can affect the transpiration of water through the leaf stomata and cause desiccation. Direct burning of plants through wildfires will cause the cell structure to break down through melting or denaturation. In farming systems, the addition of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, either in excess or in deficit, can also cause abiotic stress to the plant. The plant is affected by an imbalance of nutrition or via toxicity. High amounts of salt taken up by a plant can lead to cell desiccation, as elevated levels of salt outside a plant cell will cause water to leave the cell, a process called osmosis. Plant uptake of heavy metals can occur when plants grow in soils fertilized with improperly composted sewage sludge. High heavy metal content in plants can lead to complications with basic physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis. Biotic Stresses Biotic stresses cause damage to plants via living organisms, including fungi, bacteria, insects, and weeds. Viruses, although they are not considered to be living organisms, also cause biotic stress to plants. Fungi cause more diseases in plants than any other biotic stress factor. Over 8,000 fungal species are known to cause plant disease. On the other hand, only about 14 bacterial genera cause economically important diseases in plants, according to an Ohio State University Extension publication. Not many plant pathogenic viruses exist, but they are serious enough to cause nearly as much crop damage worldwide as fungi, according to published estimates. Microorganisms can cause plant wilt, leaf spots, root rot, or seed damage. Insects can cause severe physical damage to plants, including the leaves, stem, bark, and flowers. Insects can also act as a vector of viruses and bacteria from infected plants to healthy plants. The method by which weeds, considered as unwanted and unprofitable plants, inhibit the growth of desirable plants such as crops or flowers is not by direct damage, but by competing with the desirable plants for space and nutrients. Because weeds grow quickly and produce an abundance of viable seed, they are often able to dominate environments more quickly than some desirable plants.

Personal accounts Essays

Personal accounts Essays Personal accounts Essay Personal accounts Essay Essay Topic: Orlando The credibility of contemporary fraudulent schemes counts among the perils of modern society. It is beyond anyone’s morbid imagination, however, to hold institutions with all the due reputations of the academe a rip-off. It did seem then that freedom from institutional greed and interest groups sets the academe apart. This article, based on personal accounts, proves us wrong.With the promise of a lucrative-paying job after graduation in 14 months, Christina Pelion set out to study Network Securities in the Academy of Technology in Orlando, FL. The school director’s assuagements (Kirk Sanchez) of an $ 80,000 annual income compelled her to get a $ 21,000 loan for the cost of tuition, supplies and living expenses. Class was enjoyable for her at first, with her 15 student-class giving priority to studies. It was only two months after she started with the program that one of their two instructors left. The lone instructor took over, without due explanation from anyone as to the instructor’s resignation. They had normal class operations for the next few months. One day, however, Sanchez came, telling the class they had to move to a smaller location for they have no need for something that big. It was moved to a â€Å"rundown strip mall in a seedy area†. Christina worried and demanded a refund, suspecting her school is beset by financial problems. Sanchez’s assuagements of better perspectives for the school and some waived fees changed her mind. Her school, apparently unlicensed, disappeared eight months after she started studying. Contacting lawyers, informing the Florida Department of Education, and even appealing to its affiliate, the Metro Wide Technical Institute weren’t of much help either.Even licensed and reputable schools are not exempt from such perils. After two years of studying, Christy Hogan was bent on taking her final certification test, a graduation requirement for her electrical science program in the reputab le, licensed Decker College in Louisville, KY. Decker College has been recently in the news for its political affiliations and multiple fraud allegations. Christy got a call informing her of the test postponement because of the sheer size of booked test-takers. It was postponed again at the promised date. One time, she just found an official message informing students of Decker’s bankruptcy and closing. A present NBI investigation for fraud allegations deterred any possibility of access to their transcript of records, transfer credits records, and financial aid and certificate records. Only those students who had government loans are promised the possibility of degree awarding and tuition refund.Current legislation is lenient with regard to its provisions on career colleges and trade schools. This makes technical, nursing and other vocational schools vulnerable to administrative abuse. While many of its clients are 20-something women who are aiming better lives, a swindlerâ⠂¬â„¢s skill often suffices in bypassing feminine intuition. Moreover, college education, albeit under tighter restrictions, often comes at a prohibitive cost- making career colleges a last resort. This demand for vocational education, the comparative ease of putting up a career school, and loose regulation are probable reasons that make them prime targets for premeditated swindling.I am suggesting scam-avoidance tips in order to help a prospective consumer avoid falling prey to ruthless rip-offs. First, check on the career college’s license and accreditation. The length of time in operation and number of graduates are useful hints. Scams usually offer incredible and baseless promises. The article lists the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology (accsct.org) and the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (acics.org) as primary government-independent accreditation bodies. Second, check on the founder’s background and contac t information, and browse scam websites for education-related complaints. The article singles out the website badbusinessbureau.com. Third, research by consulting successful same-field graduates and ask for their recommendations. Lastly, check out good alternatives such as state colleges and local high school vocational programs. State community colleges, for instance, are more regulated, cost-effective, and financially-secure.Attention is a quality that can elude the worst swindlers; be alert!

CHAPS stands for the Clearing House Automated Essays

CHAPS stands for the Clearing House Automated Essays CHAPS stands for the Clearing House Automated Essay CHAPS stands for the Clearing House Automated Essay 1.Whether it Must Re Credit the ?10,000 to Dave’s Account It is first of import to understand how the CHAPS system works. CHAPS stands for the Clearing House Automated Payments System. It is the United Kingdom’s same-day payments system, a guaranteed irrevokable countrywide electronic sterling recognition glade and colony system, used chiefly for high-value payments. The CHAPS payment direction comprises the name of the payee, the sum of the payee, the sum of the payment, the particular sorting codification figure of the payee’s bank and the subdivision to which payment is to be made, and the payee’s history figure. Similar information must be given about the payer’s history so that the history may be debited on the computerised record of the histories of the paying bank’s client and so that the payee can be informed. Cash bank as an agent of Dave have a responsibility to transport out its responsibilities with sensible accomplishment and diligence. This responsibility is expressed in legislative act, in subdivision 13 of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 and besides exists at common jurisprudence. Steyn J, in Barclays Bank V Quincecare: [ 1 ] â€Å"Prima facie every agent for wages is besides bound to exert sensible attention and accomplishment in transporting out the direction of his principle†¦ . There is no logical or reasonable ground for keeping that bankers are immune from such an simple duty. In my opinion it is an implied term of the contract between the bank and the client that the bank will detect sensible accomplishment and attention in and about put to deathing the customer’s orders.† The bank must hold existent authorization to pay, in this instance the bank has no authorization to pay the extra ?10,000. A Banker who pays the incorrect sum is surely apt to the client for any extra over the sum named in the original authorization. In claims between bank and client for unlawful payment, some common jurisprudence defense mechanisms are available to the paying bank every bit good as the protections given by statue. There is besides an just defense mechanism which allows the bank to debit the customer’s history in some state of affairss, despite wrong payment. The most of import of these is the just defense mechanism established in the instance of B Liggett ( Liverpool ) Ltd v Barclays Bank Ltd. [ 2 ] This will originate as a defense mechanism where the payment was made in satisfaction of a debt owed by the client to a 3rd party. This means that the bank is taken to hold made the payment on the customer’s behalf, so that the client may non challenge the debit. In Liggett’s instance, a bank, contrary to its authorization, honoured a company’s checks signed by one manager merely. The checks were drawn in favor of echt trade creditors, so that in consequence the bank had paid the company‘s debts. The company disputed the bank’s right to debit its history, claiming that the payment by the bank had been strictly voluntary, so that at common jurisprudence it could non retrieve the payment from its client. Wright J held that by virtuousness of the just philosophy the bank was entitled to stand in the topographic point of the creditors who had been paid and it could take advantage of the payment ; it was as if the company had simply changed its creditor ; it had non increased its liabilities. In order for the philosophy to run, it must be unconscientious for the client to retain the benefit of the discharge of debts by a 3rd party who has acted in good religion and in the beliefs that it has the necessary authorization [ 3 ] . So far as the regulation operates, it relates merely to Bankss ; there is no general philosophy that a 3rd party who pays another person’s debts without authorization is entitled to be reimbursed by the debitor. If the debt truly owes from the client, this defense mechanism has many advantages as it prevents unfair enrichment of the client and avoids the possibility of several jurisprudence suits. The bank merely maintains its debit to the client, and the payee retains the payment. Therefore in the state of affairs it would look that the bank may be able to debit the history of Dave and hence retrieve their â€Å"loss.† 2.Whether it May Recover the Overpayment from Edward A bank may pay money to a payee without authorization from its client because of an administrative mistake. If it is non protected by estoppel or some statutory defense mechanism, the bank may be unable to debit its customer’s history and be apt to the true proprietor of the check and may so seek to retrieve the sum wrongly paid from the receiver [ 4 ] . This is the state of affairs that has arisen here. If one individual pays money to another under a error of fact or jurisprudence, which caused him or her to do the payment, he or she is leading facie entitled to retrieve the money paid under a error [ 5 ] . Mistake ( or unfair enrichment ) merely allows recovery without scrutiny of mistake, until the point at which defense mechanisms are considered ; the Claimant can even retrieve despite its ain carelessness [ 6 ] . There are nevertheless certain demands that must be fulfilled, and these will be dealt with in bend. The first demand is that the money must hold been paid under a error. There has clearly been a error here as the money that should hold been transferred was ?10, 0000 and the money that has really been transferred was ?20,000. The 2nd demand is that the error must hold caused the payment. The relevant inquiry is whether the payment would hold occurred if the remunerator had non made the alleged error ( whether the error is one of fact [ 7 ] or of jurisprudence [ 8 ] ) . Therefore, if a payment under a error, and the remunerator is cognizant that the payment is non due, the remunerator may still retrieve the payment provided it would non hold been made but for the error [ 9 ] . The jurisprudence looks at whether or non the payee has been enriched at the disbursal of the remunerator. The payee so has the chance to raise any defense mechanism available, associating to the value given, or any hurt suffered by the payee, which would do it unfair for him or her to hold to return the payment. The consequence must be that by ground of the error the payee has been unjustly enriched. Furthermore the payee need non now of the error [ 10 ] . The 3rd demand is that the payment must non be within the authorization. If the payment was within the bank’s authorization from its client, the bank can non retrieve, because a debt is thereby discharged between bank and client. Therefore based on the information it would look that Cash bank and Dave may be able to claim the money that has been wrongly transferred to fidelity bank and Edward. This is because there is no demand that the Defendant be at mistake, and liability is hence rigorous. However there are defense mechanisms that can be raised and one of them in specific is of import to this scenario. Bona fide purchase will be a defense mechanism. A receiver who had given consideration for the payment is a bona fide buyer for value and the payment can non be recovered. If the payment is made for good consideration peculiarly – if it is paid to dispatch, and does dispatch, a debt owed to the payee by the remunerator, or by a 3rd party by whom he or she is authorised to pay the debt – the Bankss claim will neglect [ 11 ] . The defense mechanism of a bona fide purchase is a complete defense mechanism, irrespective of the existent value of consideration given [ 12 ] . If this defense mechanism failed, which seems improbable Edward would besides hold the defense mechanism of alteration of place. Change of place is a defense mechanism to all restitutionary claims [ 13 ] the defense mechanism that the suspect has changed his or her place in good religion in such a mode that he or she would endure an unfairness if called upon to refund the money wholly or in portion. The unfairness of necessitating the suspect to refund the money would so outweigh the unfairness of denying the complainant damages. Lord Goff said that he was dying non to suppress the development of the defense mechanism on a instance by instance footing in the usual manner. Nevertheless, some facets may already be normally accepted and there are some indicants as to the manner in which the jurisprudence may develop. The mere fact that money has been spent is non plenty ; there needs to be some hurt in the outgo. For illustration, if the receiver has used the money for a purchase which would non otherwise have been made, the defense mechanism should be available, because he or she has acted to their hurt on the religion of the gift [ 14 ] . It is hence improbable that the Bank will be able to retrieve the money that it has paid from Edward. 3.Whether It May Recover the Overpayment from Fidelity Bank The place is much the same for recovery from Fidelity Bank as it was from Edward in so far as that Cash Bank seem to fulfill all of the elements to let it to do a claim as â€Å"money paid under a error of fact or law.† It is non intended that these stairss will be repeated as the place is precisely the same for Fidelity Bank as Edward’s agent as it was for Edward. Prima Facie therefore it would look that Cash Bank may be able to retrieve the money from Fidelity Bank. However as with Edward there may be a defense mechanism unfastened to Fidelity Bank. The state of affairs that may be unfastened to them is that of ministerial reception. If the payment is made to an agent ( .i.e. the Fidelity Bank ) who has so passed the money to his or her chief before acquisition of the error, merely the principal and non the agent can be sued [ 15 ] . For this defense mechanism to win there are certain conditions that must be satisfied. Fidelity Bank must hold received the money bona fide because otherwise it would be conscienceless to retain it [ 16 ] , and it must hold had no notice of the Claimant’s claim before it disposed of the money. It must be able to demo that payment to the principal has really been made [ 17 ] . If payment has been made candidly, so fidelity bank will non be apt. Therefore if Fidelity Bank can demo that they did non become cognizant of the error before the money was placed in Edward’s history so they will non be apt to return to Cash Bank the money. Bibliography Cases B Liggett ( Liverpool ) Ltd v Barclays Bank Ltd [ 1928 ] 1 K B 48 Barclays Bank v Simms A ; Cooke [ 1979 ] 3 ALL ER 522 Barclays Bank V Quincecare [ 1992 ] 4 ALL ER 363 Buller V Harrison ( 1977 ) 2 Cowp 565 Crantrave Ltd v Lloyds Bank, The Times, April 24 2000 Calcium Holland V Russell ( 1861 ) 1 B A ; S 424 John v Dodwell A ; Co [ 1918 ] AC 563 Kelly v Solari { 1841 ) 9 M A ; W 54 Kleinwort Benson Ltd v Lincoln City Council [ 1998 ] 4 ALL ER 513 Larner 5 London County Council [ 1949 ] 2 K B 683 Lipkin Gorman v Karpnle Ltd [ 1991 ] 2 AC 548 Lloyds V Independent Insurance Co Ltd [ 1999 ] Lloyds Rep Bank 1 at Moses v Macferlan ( 1760 ) 2 Burr 1005 National Westminster Bank Ltd v Barclays Bank International Ltd [ 1975 ] 1 B 654 Nurdin A ; Peacock Plc v D B Ramsden A ; Co Ltd [ 1999 ] 1 ALL ER 941, Ch D Rahimtoola V Nizam of Hyderabad [ 1958 ] A C 379 Reckitt V Barnett, Pembroke and Slater Ltd [ 1929 ] AC 176 Re Cleadon Trust Ltd [ 1939 ] 1 CH 286 Re Jones Ltd V Waring and Gillow Ltd [ 1926 ] AC 670 Turvey V Dentons ( 1923 ) Ltd [ 1953 ] 1 Q B 218 Books Cranston R, ( 2002 ) â€Å"Principles of Banking Law† , Oxford University Press Ellinger E, Lomnicka E A ; Hooley R, ( 2002 ) â€Å"Modern Banking Law† , Oxford University Press Penn G A ; Wadsley J, ( 2000 ) â€Å"The Law and Practice of Domestic Banking† , Sweet and Maxwell 1

Dominos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dominos - Essay Example Actually, the old customers may be tempted to quit their purchase of Dominos pizza due to change in quality that does not match their interest. However, the new customers may be attracted by advertisements and the ingredients entailed in the new pizza recipe. Loosing old customers is a major drawback in organizational success and may at times lead to organizational collapse. Dominos will have to suffer the risk of losing a big number of old customers and at the same time benefit from the rapid increase in new clientele. The difficulty involved in repositioning a brand is loss of old customers and increase in the cost of production. The chances of losing old customers may be due to the taste of new product and increase in purchase sale that may not be well with old customers. To enhance good market forces for the new recipe, Dominos has to employ or use both positive and negative framing in their advertisement to convince their target customers on the quality of their new products. Actually, they had to give the consumers an explanation owing to the sudden change of their previous recipe after that they thought was good by then. They had to give the difference that exists between the old recipe and the newly introduced recipe to attract customers and increase their clientele base. Inflicting consumers with positive emotion is one way of increasing sales, product because many people will always want to try new products based on the quality advertised. Through this message structure characteristic, Dominos is able to attract more clients to purchase their goods. Model learning and vicarious are some of the theories used by Dominos in relation to their product presentation. Actually, this organization’s main aim is to teach its consumers about the product change and sudden improvement in the social media, commercials and various advertisement platforms. The consumers or interested people are able to access information about their recipe and

International management for china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

International management for china - Essay Example The intention of this study is marketing as â€Å"the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas and goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives† while according to Ambler & Xiucun marketing makes a fundamental contribution to long-term business success because a firm’s survival depends on its capacity to create value, and value is defined by customers. Marketing is thus an activity that involves negotiations and considers how to influence and carry out negotiations in order to facilitate exchange. According to Hofstede too it is essential to understand the differences and similarities between cultures which would enable the decision maker to do business with a given culture. In recent times, however, the global market concept has emerged which is characterized by general business practices and standardized consumer preferences. This would imply that the key to success rests in the firm’s ability to standardize the product offerings. It also implies that cross-cultural or cross-national markets cease to exist. However, the experience of the international retailers differs from this. Retailers have a long history of opening branch outlets across national boundaries. Substantial operation in international sector by retailers is only a recent phenomenon. Structural changes took place in retail sales which led to increases in the sales of the large firms and decline of the small firms. The growth of the large firms was also due to expansion in international markets.

Management of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Change - Essay Example Since 1937, the company has grown significantly and brought changes in how food is packaged even before the consumers ever thought of those changes (Leonhardt, 2012). However, with time, many things have dented the image of the corporation and undermined the reputation the owners have worked hard to build. Areas of Change The company needs change in three identifiable and key areas of its operations in order to salvage its reputation and rejuvenate to a brand that is adored by many when it comes to having a meal. First is the area of food processing. The company needs to move more towards healthy foods and abandon its niche of dominant junk food. The company has been associated with food products that are â€Å"unhealthy† to the consumer at the time where health issues such as obesity and heart diseases are emerging to be great challenges to the world population. The second area that needs change is the lead time of supply. There should be change in the procedure of sourcing f or supply so that the time taken to deliver and, therefore, make it readily available is reduced. The third issue is that of the billing system in terms of its efficiency to eliminate complaints on overcharge in credit cards and how they respond to such concerns. These three issues are among other concerns in the organization that need to be subjected to change so that the organization remains a giant in the industry. Need for Change For every organization, the need for change is a constant requirement rather than a rare once in a year thing. An organization in the highly competitive and sensitive industry, such as Mc Donald, therefore, needs to embrace change through effective change management structures. Companies that engage themselves in all efforts of creating change have benefited a lot financially and in terms of growth. They are likely to be more competitive and even more adapted to external changes in the corporate world (Beer and Nohria, 2000). This, in essence, points th e need for the organization to initiate change in the areas mentioned above. This can also be clearly illustrated through the various models of change management. Models of Change Management The two models of change likely to help in going around the change barrier include that of the change curve and Lewin's Change Management Model. The change curve explains the different stages that an organization goes through before an effected change is fully accepted. It helps in making the change implementation to be expedited, thereby increasing its likelihood of success. The change curve proposes that change is approached through people because when they adapt to change fast, the organization also changes rapidly (Mind Tools, 2012). Lewin’s Change Management Model proposes a three pronged process that involves unfreezing, changing and refreezing. The first stage involves anchoring change acceptance through creating an enabling environment. The second change subsequently involves intr oduction of the change and finally synchronizing the changes in the organization’s structures in the final phase (Mind Tools, 2012). These models show the ease at which various organizations including the one on focus can learn to integrate change in its operations in a more effective and timely manner. They are a good reminder of the need for chan

History of the US in the First Half of the Twentieth Century Assignment

History of the US in the First Half of the Twentieth Century - Assignment Example The rising relevance of foreign trade in the national economy and the desire to compete with the imperialist designs of Europe also added to this thrust. Many important national think tanks and opinion makers clamored for extending the influence of the US. In that context, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan pressed for the modernization of the American navy and the acquisition of strategic foreign locations to assure US domination. In a theological context, Josiah Strong evinced the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization and stressed on the need to spread religion and democratic values by the US in weaker nations in 1885. Under such pressures, America no more afforded to be neutral. In 1898, the Cuban Revolution instigated America to engage in war with Spain, leading to the eventual Spanish deference to the American demands. The Teller Amendment of 1898 proclaimed to the world that America intended to dilute the Spanish influence in the region by overthrowing the Spanish rule in Cuba. The Spanish-American war culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1898 that led to the gain of some territories by the US and the freedom of Cuba. The support for the US expansion in Asia and Latin America was on the rise. President William McKinley found it really difficult to resist the augmenting pressure originating from military strategists, commercial pressure groups and religious zealots in the favor of annexing the Philippines. In response to the expansionist intentions of the US, the Anti-Imperialist League was constituted in 1898, which supported the freedom of the Philippines.  

Correctional Mulicultural Substance Abuse Treatments Term Paper

Correctional Mulicultural Substance Abuse Treatments - Term Paper Example However, a new thinking has taken root in those who provide support and assistance to substance abusers that take into account the nuances inherent in a culturally-diverse society. This new paradigm produced what is called as â€Å"recovery movement† that includes the involvement of other stakeholders within the larger community. The old service delivery model was proven untenable, as people respond differently to substance abuse treatment based from their own cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Through this lens, prevention, cessation, detoxification interventions have now adopted this new approach. Multicultural realities are now recognized as having a big influence, and ultimately the eventual success, of any program. This is shown by the requirement that counselors need to undergo additional training in cultural and ethnic sensitivity, to enable them to administer these programs much better with higher chances of preventing recidivism among abusers. The new mentality is to tr eat abusers as victims and not as perpetrators of a crime, in light of the new thrust of an enlightened criminal justice system. Keywords: abuse, culture, ethnicities, language, programs, substance, treatment Introduction The drug menace has gotten worse over the years, with those who abuse illegal drugs in almost all spheres of society. Whether in high schools, in colleges and universities, in workplace situations, in non-profit organizations or even in the military, drug abuse has become prevalent. It has put a huge strain on government resources, and the fight against illegal drugs has not seen any improvement despite the best of efforts by many government agencies tasked in the â€Å"war on drugs† as it has become a very lucrative industry. People turn to drugs for a variety of reasons, in most instances trying it out first just for curiosity, but then people get hooked and they cannot shake their addiction anymore. It takes great willpower to desist from using illegal dr ugs and has been a big drain on government resources and also on the various agencies tasked to eradicate it. Some people turn to drug pushing in order to earn money while others use it for the â€Å"high.† Whatever is the underlying reason why a person gets hooked on drugs, there is always the heavy task of rehabilitating these drug addicts through the process of drug treatments, in case they want to regain back their normal lives. The criminal justice system, anchored on the three pillars of law enforcement by the police to catch drug criminals and users, the judiciary which is charged with trying those accused of the crime, and the corrections system which seeks to put in prison those found guilty, and eventually to rehabilitate all the drug victims, has fought a losing battle against this insidious menace which destroys lives and in turn, destroys the social fabric. A variety of approaches have been utilized in the later part of this fight against illegal drugs, that is, helping drug addicts and illegal substances abusers shake off their habit. This paper examines the techniques used to deal with abusers inside the corrections, based on multicultural realities. Discussion People respond differently to different approaches, as no two persons are exactly alike. The trend in health care today is what is

History of the US in the First Half of the Twentieth Century Assignment

History of the US in the First Half of the Twentieth Century - Assignment Example The rising relevance of foreign trade in the national economy and the desire to compete with the imperialist designs of Europe also added to this thrust. Many important national think tanks and opinion makers clamored for extending the influence of the US. In that context, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan pressed for the modernization of the American navy and the acquisition of strategic foreign locations to assure US domination. In a theological context, Josiah Strong evinced the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization and stressed on the need to spread religion and democratic values by the US in weaker nations in 1885. Under such pressures, America no more afforded to be neutral. In 1898, the Cuban Revolution instigated America to engage in war with Spain, leading to the eventual Spanish deference to the American demands. The Teller Amendment of 1898 proclaimed to the world that America intended to dilute the Spanish influence in the region by overthrowing the Spanish rule in Cuba. The Spanish-American war culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1898 that led to the gain of some territories by the US and the freedom of Cuba. The support for the US expansion in Asia and Latin America was on the rise. President William McKinley found it really difficult to resist the augmenting pressure originating from military strategists, commercial pressure groups and religious zealots in the favor of annexing the Philippines. In response to the expansionist intentions of the US, the Anti-Imperialist League was constituted in 1898, which supported the freedom of the Philippines.  

History Research paper- Primary source analysis comprasion Paper

History - Primary source analysis comprasion - Research Paper Example the witnesses who made John Adams to be successful in deposing most of them, and eventually defending the soldiers successfully (www.gilderlehrman.org, 2012). By early 1770, Boston had about 15’000 a person with about 4000 British soldiers and the tension was rising. On the evening of March 5th, crowds pelted stones at British soldiers which resulted to the firing at the crowds by the soldiers, killing five inhabitants of the city. The historic engraving by John Revere â€Å"The Bloody Massacre in King-Street,† was produced. This was one of the war propaganda tools at the time. It is however not an accurate representation of the events that actually happened. The engraving shows the soldiers lined up shooting into the crowd and a poem Revere may have actually written. Revere is said to have based his engraving on the actual work of Henry Pelham. The following is observed from the engraving. The British soldiers have lined up with one of them giving the orders to shoot. This suggested the British soldiers were the aggressors. The crowd is seen reacting to the aggression when in fact they are the one who had started the attack. The expression of the soldiers on their faces is sharp while that of the colonists is innocent. These made the British look mean and as if they were enjoying the violence. In another feature of the engraving is that the laborers were dressed decently elevating their stature and how they were perceived by the general population. This clearly shows the biasness of the engraving by leaning on the side of the colonists themselves and portraying the British soldiers in bad light. This bias is also represented by the illustration of the sky which seems to shed light on the atrocities being committed by the soldiers. The unreliability of the engraving is also seen in the Illustration of Crispus Attucks who was an African American but is seen as otherwise not African American. Painting further depiction of the weather conditions at the time of

Gang Development And Control Essay Example for Free

Gang Development And Control Essay Below are descriptions of gang development theories. Copy and paste the correct description into the table below next to the appropriate theory. There are five descriptions and four theories. One description is not valid. Theory Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Members join a gang to have a safe social circle and to learn techniques to communicate through graffiti. Gang members use those techniques to display their gang’s strength and power in their neighborhood. Members who join a gang for this reason are typically involved in drug use and truancy but rarely violent acts of delinquency. Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capa ble and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Description: Anthropological †¢Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capable and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Sociocultural †¢Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Psychological †¢Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Rational Choice †¢Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Gang Control In the table below, describe the gang control methods in your own words and use the Internet to provide an example of a program based on each type of gang control method. Include the name of the Web site and the working URL address in the table. Gang Control Methods Descriptions Examples Law Enforcement Efforts Law enforcement is looked at for gang control and it takes three forms. Youth service program where they are given responsibility for gang control. Gang details are assigned exclusively to gang control work. Gang units are to deal solely with gang problems. Chicago officers have an intelligence unit that will use the gang members name in the computer to see if they have gotten arrested or picked up for anything. Gang Awareness https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/Communities/Gang%20Awareness Community Control Efforts They used to have the YMCA where there were people there to work with gangs. Now they have prevention services for kids to prevent them from joining a gang. Like counseling and parent kid activities. They also want to find a way to involve programs into the schools. Gang Free http://www.gangfree.org/who_index.html

Kantian Approach To Morality Philosophy Essay

Kantian Approach To Morality Philosophy Essay Philosophers across the divide around the have argued that human morality is determined by rationality in making decisions and acting upon them. Immanuel Kants approach to moral psychology and his rational agency concept were developed around a number of issues; first moral sensibility concept. Secondly is heteronomy, hedonism and the happiness principle which according to Kant determines human motivation and decisiveness or choice. Lastly is the categorical imperative which Kant conceptualized around practical rationality and its role in the formation of universal laws (Reath, 2006, p.1). Kants theory of human morality is conceptualized around human decision and action. This concept has not been well understood (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). This paper therefore, seeks to examine Kants approach to human morality his theories and principles with regard to their relevance to human life today. Kantians theories of human morality Moral philosophy is a concept that seeks to give answers to issue surrounding human morality. It gives basis to fundamental principles of human morality and to achieve this, ethical and moral obligations must be recognized and adopted by human agents. Kant in his approach to human morality, puts emphasis on basic human moral and ethical responsibilities based on the results of his famous work dubbed Groundwork in the metaphysics of moral. From this platform, therefore, it is clear that moral psychology gives answers on the fact that morality dictates human agents decisiveness and actions and also influences human socialization. As such Kants approach to human morality tries to account of these concepts (Johnson, 2008). In his human moral theories, Kant argues that the ultimate end of human decisions and actions ought to be good for ones own self and also to others. This is practical and gives meaning to moral life. He goes ahead to emphasize that good for morality is in itself a moral virtue in line with human agents happiness. Kant strongly emphasizes that moral virtue is a condition to deserving happiness in life by human agents. However Immanuel Kant also noted that in certain occasions, moral virtue may not at all time constitute to human agents happiness and may at times conflict with it (Johnson, 2008). Today, many philosophers have coined various action theories. Many of these theories have been formulated with reference to Kants principles of human morality (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). Kants emphasis on human actions is broadly linked to his works on metaphysics of human morality. Metaphysics of human morality was coined around various principles like; moral sensibility, human happiness, categorical imperatives, autonomy of human will, principle of humanity, human virtue and vice, principle of duty, principle of humanity and the philosophy of religion (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). Kants theory of moral sensibility revolves around respect for morality. He describes this respect as an important determinant of self motivation in pure practical reasoning by human agents. According to Reath, Kant broadly views this respect for morality as a major influencing factor in self motivation and decisiveness or human action and making of choices (Reath, 2006, p.1). Therefore, in this context, respect for morality can be viewed as recognition of the authority associated with moral law and also as an independent human moral feeling. In Kants theory of happiness in relation to hedonism and heteronomy, he argues that non moral motivation was unacceptable and termed them as crude hedonistic. Reath asserts that according to Kant, non moral decisions and actions are influenced by the desire for pleasure at the end. That non moral decisions and actions are inclination-based in nature. However, those opposed to Kants principle of happiness in relation to hedonism and hedonistic non moral decisions and actions, have argued that his perception of non moral decisions and actions undermine his theory of morality as they convey a misjudged opinion and mistaken conception of non moral decisions and motivation (Reath, 2006, p. 2). In his theory of happiness, Kant explains his view that the expected satisfaction and the strength of the desire are taken as sufficient reason for humans non moral decisions and actions. In his theory of categorical imperative, Immanuel Kant asserts that morality is based on human practical reasoning or rationality. He termed this rationality categorical imperative. He argued that categorical imperative was based on certain standards of morality which were either desired instrumental principles or were based on rational human intuitions. The Kantian approach to morality is based on the perception that the analysis of categorical imperative will reveal the determinants of rational human agents in morality based on instrumental principles of morality. According to Kant therefore, categorical imperative is the fundamental principle of morality. Kant regards rationality as practical reasoning that is independent and free and as such goes beyond human control and interference. Kant argues that it is this categorical imperative in every human being that gives them the power to make realistic decisions and a feeling of self worth and respect (Johnson, 2008). At the centre of Kantian approach to human morality is the principle of autonomy of human wills. He argues that human rational reasoning cannot exist without a sense of autonomy. According to Kant, laws should be humans own making and that freedom does not exist if there are no laws bound to it. Freedom in relation to laws defines human responsiveness to practical reasoning. Thus autonomy arises when there is will free from negativity and when decisions and actions are done independently. Perfectly rational decisions and actions are those that conform to those laws that are validly formulated for rational reasoning. However, imperfectly rational decisions and actions go against Kantian perception and as such have to undergo scrutiny of some other laws (Johnson, 2008). Kant also formulated another theory dubbed, the principle of humanity. The meaning of humanity in Kants approach to human moral psychology is good will (Dean, 2006 p. 8). In his works metaphysics of morals, Kant argues that every human being has the responsibility of raising himself more and more towards humanity, which he earlier described as good will. By so doing, humans have to set themselves ends which it is them alone who are capable of achieving. According to Kant, the capacity of human agents to set and adopt whichever end is characterized by humanity. However, he argues further that the capability of setting ends here is not the only way to realize humanity. The role of attaining humanity also includes accepting moral principles as sufficient need for making moral decisions, actions and choices (Dean, 2006, p. 9). According to Kant, good will is the only thing in the world that is naturally good and without conditions regardless of what it achieves or what it is attributed to. He argues that decisions or actions reached at out of good will have or out of duty have moral worth and as such represent the value of good will and human morality. Kant argues that decisions made out of duty or actions performed out of responsibility bear formal principle are as such are reason-based. They are not inclination-based as such do not bear material principle as its basis. However good will only favor inclination-based decision if they are in line with the requirements of morality (Denis, 2005, p. 18) Kantian theory of morality asserts that agents bear special status and because of that they deserve respect that must not be interfered. This principle of respect to humanity, Kant asserts is a key determinant to human practical and rational reasoning. In view of this, respect for humanity, human rights and human responsibility are the basis for human moral reasoning (Furrow, 2005, p. 49). Kantian principles of morality recognize that human agents have intrinsic value due the fact that they have the power to make rational decisions and independent judgments regarding their lives. Human beings have value regardless of whether they are cared for or not and no matter what their moral decision, actions and general behaviors are. According to Kant they posses objective worth which must be treated with respect (Furrow, 2005, p. 50). It is important to recognize that human agents poses objective worth which influences their conduct within the society from where they relate with each other. As such they must not be taken as mere objects or instruments. Kant, in his approach to morality argues that morality through practical reasoning must proceed from categorical imperative and not from hypothetical imperatives. Categorical imperatives commands that decisions and actions must be taken without conditions attached to them and independently. He recognizes that all human agents have interests, projects, goals and desires and are capable of rationally reasoning about them and acting on them (Furrow, 2005, p. 50). In his theory on human moral virtue and vices, Kant emphasizes that human beings have duties to fulfill, goals, ambitions and desires to realize. Kant describes the moral strength to achieve these as human moral virtue. He also describes moral vice as immorality in principle. In Kants view, humans set principles of moral conduct depending on basis of categorical imperative or simply rational agency. Therefore on this platform, Kant describes human trait of acting in accordance with these principles as human virtue. Kant further argues that human virtue can not be acquired through training or even through instilling second human character but rather comes from deep within humans. As such human virtue is oriented on human moral principles and human moral vice is then viewed by Kant as going against moral law in principle (Johnson, 2008). Kants approach to human morality has been the foundation for many philosophers. Whereas many have accepted his principles on human morality, others have often differed with some of these principles based on a number of contentious issues. However, according to McCarthy, Kants description of human virtue as moral strength of will is a psychological condition which is the most important in human agents. He argues that Kant conceptualized human virtue as a psychological condition of human moral appraisal and promotion. Human moral virtue is a determinant in evaluating human moral worth (McCarthy, 2006, p. 191). Human moral virtue therefore contributes to other important and related virtues like human happiness, goodwill, moral sensibility, the capability to make independent decisions and the ability to act for the good of humanity. The rationale for setting ends according to Kants principles on morality is what constitutes the ends set and adopted by human agents. Respecting the rational nature of the set ends will mean respecting human moral laws in all its functionality and not only its function or the mere obeying of human moral laws. According to Kant, the rational nature of the ends-setting has various roles in achieving humanity including the end setting itself that is influenced by human moral principles (Dean, 2006, p. 83). Webb, in his works dubbed Kants philosophy of religion, argues that there is profound connectivity between human morality and religion. Webb argues that this religion is in terms of moral faith and as such a very important connection between moral autonomy and nature. Webb asserts that it is this moral faith that Kant in his approach to human morality held to the notion that practical reasoning must prevail at all times. According to Webb, moral faith was a major determinant in his assertion that categorical imperatives were the basis on which human agents decided and acted (Firestone Palmquist, 2006, p. 7). What is attractive in Kantian approach to morality? Kant argues that agents are at all times rational in their being, decisiveness and action. They can express their desires, give their opinions and decide rationally on what they want to do. Kant sees human agents as beings that are able to act on principles. He goes ahead to categorize agents into two groups; perfect agents and imperfect agents. From his categorization of agents, it can be deduced that human beings are not the same in setting, adopting and acting on human moral principles, and may differ based on same principles. Perfectly rational agents act strictly on principle of practical or rational rather reasoning. They decide and act only on what they deem to be good. Imperfect agents may at time to act or decide contrary to their principle. They follow human morality principles out of duty while perfectly rational agents follow principles of human morality without much constraint (Denis, 2005, p.21). Kants principle of categorical imperative is an attractive approach to human morality. Categorical imperative requires that human agents realize or rather achieve the ends they have set in regard to morality. It encourages human beings or rather commands them to achieve targets they set in life. According to Kant, categorical imperatives are naturally contingent. They bind human agents to moral principles which in turn enable them to pursue and achieve the ends they have adopted (Johnson, 2008). This principle encourages hard work in human agents in order to realize self satisfaction and achieve human sense of accomplishment in life. According to Kants approach to human morality, human agents happiness lies on their own moral principles. According to Kant in his principle of happiness, agents happiness is critical and a basic need that cannot be rationally withdrawn. However, categorical imperative pertaining to the achievement of human agents happiness remains to be hypothetical. This therefore means that, for human beings to be happy they have no choice, but to make morally rational decisions and act in the same way as well. It is therefore, important to recognize that happiness in itself is a Meta end comprising all inclination-based ends human agents decide and act on (Denis, 2005, p. 21). What is unattractive in Kantian approach to morality? According to Stratton-Lake, various philosophers have found Kants approach to human morality based on a few of his principles. First, is his view that rational and good-willed human agent would decide and act only due to responsibility or out of duty. Secondly is that for any human duty to be realized, there must be categorical imperatives. Thirdly is his symmetry theory. Unfortunately all the Kantian moral principles are related and tend to borrow from each other. This makes it extremely impossible to reject a single principle while adopting the others. This has been the bond of contention between Kantian approach to human morality and other philosophers who appreciate his theories but do not totally agree with these theories (Stratton-Lake, 2004, p. 57). Kantian approach to ethical morality provides that human agents actions must be based on responsibility or duty alone. This presents challenge in distinguishing between what elements constitutes human agents moral worth and virtue. This situation ideally poses a serious confusion in trying to internalize these two principles by human agents. For instance, if human agents are expected to be virtuous in their decisiveness and action, then duties and responsibilities calling for virtuous decisions and actions should also be adopted. According to McCarthy, the principle of duty is the basis from which Kantian approach describe human moral expectations (McCarthy, 2006, p. 190). According to Denis, Kant argues in his early work Groundwork that good will decisions and actions are determined by a sense of responsibility or duty rather than due to impulse or inclination and that such decisions and actions gives them moral worth. Some philosophers have objected to this arguing that this reason-based principle perception of Kant is misguided. Objections arise from the fact that this principle gives human decisions and actions a more narrow account of morality in decisions and actions. Other scholars also object on the basis that Kants moral worth of reason-based decision and actions that it is okay not to love or sympathize with others in order to achieve moral worth helping others out of duty and responsibility (Denis, 2005, p. 19). Even though principles of morality require agents set ends to adopt and achieve, Kant argues that they are not bound to them and as such can free themselves from most categorical imperatives by withdrawing the ends or rather the targets to be realized or achieved. For instance if an agents goal or desire is to become family doctor and the means required to achieve this desire is to attend a medical school, rationally the agent will be required to attend medical school. However, the agent is free to withdraw this ambition then he or she will be relieved from the requirement of attending law school. In such a case the categorical imperative will no longer be binding on the individual (Denis, 2005, p. 21). According to Furrow, Kants approach to human morality jeopardizes freedom which to him is crucial to the wellbeing of human agents. In his approach, Kant argues that human agents are free only when their actions and decisions are not inclination-based but reason-based. Kant asserts that human agents are free only when their decisions and actions are free from external influences whereas these influences constitute attachments and commitments that result into human agents happiness. It is therefore; practically impossible to conceptualize autonomy and freedom without reference to human desires, targets goals or even purposes. Freedom is a paramount determinant of happiness in human agents. Therefore essential freedom is that which permits humans to decide and act in accordance with their personal needs, desires and values and not that which sets these values, desire and needs aside in order to make impartial judgments (Furrow, 2005, p. 89). Conclusion The Kantian theory of morality describes how human beings ought to relate to each other in the society. Kant, in his approach to human morality gives reason to human interaction and relationship. Although it has its limitations, Kantian approach to human morality describes a plausible lifestyle devoid of human immorality. The Kantian approach to human morality enables human agents to reflect and deliberate on their moral principles on elements that are meaningful and important in life like human relationships, virtues, principles and morals among others. Moral principles, theories and laws present human agents with not only better account of morally acceptable decisions and actions but also more plausible account of the role of moral law to human agents. Moral law therefore act as checks and balances on our morality as human agents. These theories and principles are based on practical cases in human lives in the views of Kant and should therefore, form the basis of human interaction and relationships today.

Elements Of Evil In Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

In times before printed books were common, stories and poems were passed from generation to generation by word of mouth. From such oral traditions come great epics such as England’s heroic epic, Beowulf. In Beowulf, the monster Grendel serves as the evil character acting against the poem’s hero, as shown by his unnatural strength, beast-like qualities, and alienation from society. One of the first responses from a reader of Beowulf is their surprise at Grendel’s unnatural strength, one quality marking him as an evil character. His great strength is shown first in his ability to carry enormous amounts of weight. There occur several instances in the story where Grendel lifts great amounts of weight. In Grendel’s first raid of Herot, a great mead-hall, â€Å"he snatched up thirty men, smashed them . . . and ran out with their bodies to his lair† (ll. 59-62). This amount of weight equals nearly 5,000 pounds; a feat that no normal man (or creature) could accomplish. In addition to his ability to lift huge amounts of weight, Grendel’s unnatural strength appears in his merciless killing of humans. He proficiently tears his victims apart before devouring them. Moments before the monster’s demise, Grendel grabs a sleeping Geat and â€Å"ripped him apart, cut his body to bits with powerful jaws† (ll. 393-394). Only a force of ev il could accomplish an act so gruesome, with such facility. One earmark of an epic evil character is their unnatural strength, and Grendel certainly fits the bill for ...

Carson :: essays research papers

Carson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would like to thank Mr. and Mrs. Smith for asking me to speak today on behalf of Carson. First things first, everyone grab a tissue and wipe your tears. I know Carson is here right now and she is watching us come up here and cry, I know she hates that. She hates it when anyone cries, so everyone cheer up, crying is not what she would have wanted. We are here to celebrate and commemorate the life of a truly wonderful girl. I never in a million years thought that one day I would have to say good bye to such a wonderful soul. Carson, you were a shining light in my life for thirteen years. How can let you go with so much of our lives left still to experience. I remember the first day we met; truthfully I didn’t get a good impression of you. You were wearing a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles t-shirt, I hated that cartoon. But you redeemed yourself by inviting me inside for snacks and a soda. It was only a matter of time before we were on the front lawn selling lemonade and playing house. I even broke my wrist in your backyard, boy did I feel stupid when everyone else could do a cartwheel and I couldn’t. The countless sleepovers, bike rides, movies, and fights made our friendship flourish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today, though I want to tell you about the Carson I knew. The girl who always put others before herself, the girl who loved, the girl who was beautiful inside and out. Carson was a straight A student who was very hard on herself, grades were very important to her. She also knew that there were those who didn’t do well in school, so she would tutor anyone who asked. I know I would have never passed physics without her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carson was a talented child right from the start. She would give me chills when she played Beethoven’s 5th symphony on her piano. Oh yeah, did I mention she was also an extremely gifted artist. She put her heart and soul in her drawings; I always thought they were her essence sketched onto paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She was athletic, one of the best soccer and tennis players I have ever seen. Carson spent hours on end practicing; she was determined to be the best she could be. It never mattered what others thought of her ability, her self satisfaction was all she was aiming for.

The Great Gatsby Review

The Great Gatsby â€Å"Emerson said it well: ‘Rings and jewels are not gifts, but apologies for gifts. The only true gift is a portion of thyself† (Peterson). The world is filled with cheapskates, phonies, and two-faced people. Many use others for their own benefits. Objects cannot define a relationship; it should be the feelings developed that defines the relationship of two people. The characteristic of materialism is a barrier for true love between two people. This relates to Scott Fitzgerald’s book, The Great Gatsby.Nick Carraway has just moved to a West Egg, and his mysterious neighbor is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby’s long living dream is to rekindle his love and relationship with Daisy Buchanan, who is currently married to Tom Buchanan. He attempts to pursue his relationship with Daisy through his unexplained wealth. However, their love couldn’t be true because of their focus on â€Å"things† rather than each other. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgeral d shows that materialism can ruin the chance at true love. Gatsby tries to make Daisy love him through his money and excessive spending on nonessential things.When him and Daisy first reconnect their relationship, he brings her over to his house to show off the clothes in his closet: â€Å"He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one, before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel, which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher — shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, and monograms of Indian blue.Suddenly, with a strained sound, Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily† (Fitzgerald 92). Gatsby is throwing his shirts everywhere to show that he is full of money and that they don’t mean much to him, acting like it doesn’t matter if the y get ruined. He does this to show that his money is plentiful and he tries to make Daisy want to be with him and his rich lifestyle. Daisy starts to cry because she is overwhelmed with his prosperity and shows how she starts to love him through his riches.Another way Gatsby tries to show off his wealth is by throwing a party and inviting Daisy and Tom, but at the end of the party she seemed apathetic. Gatsby noticed her weariness and was concerned, so he confided in Nick: â€Å"‘She didn’t like it,’ he insisted. ‘She didn’t have a good time. ’ He was silent, and I guessed at his unutterable depression. ‘I feel far away from her,’ he said. ‘It’s hard to make her understand’† (Fitzgerald 109). Gatsby implies that he threw the party so that she would enjoy herself and want to come back to him.He tries to make his life seem very extravagant because he knows that it is what she looks for in a lover. Gatsby b ecomes unhappy because she was unhappy with his party; he feels that he must show off his money just to get Daisy to fall for him. Gatsby’s secret is revealed finally during a trip to the city: he and Tom get into an argument and Tom discloses the truth. Gatsby’s secret business of drug deals was the basis of his affluence.Daisy is shocked and doesn’t know what to do as Gatsby tries to deny the facts: â€Å"It passed, and he began to talk excitedly to Daisy, denying everything, defending his name against accusations that had not been made. But with every word she was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, toward that lost voice across the room† (Fitzgerald 134). Daisy becomes reluctant to the fact that it was a fake fortune while Gatsby tries to cover up his lies.Although Daisy acted lik e she was in love with Gatsby before the incident, her feelings quickly faded as she realizes the truth. The money was the basis of their relationship and it was what held them together. This proves how their relationship was based off of money and how Daisy immediately forgot about how â€Å"in love† they were. This motif of materialism is explored because it shows how love can’t be genuine if it is based off of inanimate objects and money-oriented things. Myrtle is materialistic when she goes for the men with money and pretends to be in love with them.In New York City with Tom and Nick, Myrtle explains to her friends how she felt about her new marriage with George and her realizations: â€Å"I married him because I thought he was a gentleman†¦I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe† (Fitzgerald 34). Myrtle married him because she thought he came from a wealthy family, breeded, or born, into money. When she foun d out he wasn’t rich, she knew she had made a mistake in marrying him. Myrtle is materialistic because she didn’t marry George for love, but for wealth.Myrtle tells about the day she found out he wasn’t rich and admits to her regrets in marrying him. Myrtle was not expecting it: â€Å"The only crazy I was was when I married him. I knew right away I made a mistake. He borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in, and never even told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out† (Fitzgerald 35). Myrtle finds out that George had borrowed someone’s suit to use during their wedding because he couldn’t afford one on his own. This shows the love that George has for Myrtle and how he goes far to make sure she gets the best wedding ever.It also shows how Myrtle doesn’t love him, and how was judging him for borrowing a suit. Myrtle is materialistic because she got upset over a suit being borrowed and not purchased fo r their wedding. Myrtle and Tom’s relationship is materialistic. While in NYC, Myrtle gets Tom to buy her a dog off the streets: â€Å"I want to get one of those dogs†¦I want to get one for the apartment. They’re nice to have—a dog† (Fitzgerald 27). Myrtle asks for a dog and gets one because of Tom’s wealth and uses it to her advantage. Myrtle takes Tom’s money for granted and pursues a relationship with him because she knows he is rich.Her materialism is shown through her fake relationships with Tom and George; it reveals that she only has relationships with wealthy men and she was not really â€Å"in love† with either of the two men. Her materialistic needs clashed with her path to finding love. This motif of love is explored because it shows how people in this world use others for their money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows that a materialistic mindset will corrupt the chance at true love. Gatsby tried to get Daisy to l ove him again by showing off his money and failed because he didn’t put his heart and self into their relationship.Myrtle mistakenly married a man whom she thought was wealthy and turned out he was poor. She quickly regretted their marriage and had an affair with Tom Buchanan, a well known rich man. Fitzgerald demonstrates how none of these relationships worked out because of the materialistic ways of these characters. This motif is explored because it proves how true love isn’t real with fake values. True love should be two people who love each other unconditionally and is not based on money-oriented things.

Professional Dispositions

Professional dispositions are defined as the values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors towards students, families, colleagues, and communities and effect student learning, motivation, and development as well as the educators own professional growth. Dispositions are guided by beliefs and attitudes related values such as caring, fairness, honesty, responsibility, and social justice, For example they might include a belief that all students can learn, a vision of high and challenging standards, or a commitment to a safe and supportive learning environment (NCATE, 2002). Research shows that attributes of the classroom teacher significantly affect how well students learn. Recently it has become clear that the quality of the education of our children receive depends directly upon the quality of the education of the teachers in our schools. Parents, teachers, educators, and researchers agree that effective teaching happens when the teachers thoroughly know their subjects, have significant teaching skills and possess dispositions that foster growth and learning in students (USCA). Teaching involves more than effective planning, instructional knowledge, and teaching, skills. Professional dispositions also play a big part in the scenario. Teacher education programs bear a responsibility to convey, model, and promote positive standards of professional conduct. They also should maintain screening assessment procedures to assure that teacher candidates with negative dispositions are not permitted to continue in teacher education programs (NCATE 2006). At the beginning of my clinical experience I choose specific professional dispositions that would be reflected upon during my first four weeks in the classroom. Those dispositions included: 1. Believes that students learn in many different ways . Reacts positively to suggestions and opportunities for growth 3. Socially articulate 4. Attendance/punctuality 5. Equity/Diversity 6. Maintains a nurturing, well managed learning environment 7. Maintains student and professional confidentiality 8. Communicates effectively and clearly with students, parents 9. Reflective and effective student engagement 10. Utilizes sta ndards and curriculum guides to create learning goals Since I have been a Para educator working with special education students for the past three years, many of my chosen dispositions were already in place. Now that I am in my second eight weeks of student teaching I still hold true to the dispositions that I choose in the beginning. The only disposition that I had no knowledge of was number 9-Utilizes standards and curriculum guides to create learning goals. This disposition is one that I learned once I was placed in the classroom with my co-op teacher. There was a variety of exceptionalities in my special education classroom and along with those exceptionalities came different learning skills. Those exceptionalities encompass the disposition that students learn in many different ways. This also hold true in the general classroom. There are visual learners as well as kinesthetic learners. This is why teachers must engage their students in many different ways. In my lessons I use a variety of learning techniques such as journals for those students who like to express themselves through writing, and cooperative learning exercises such as concept mapping. Concept mapping helps students connect terms in the material with the theme in that part of the lesson. Videos are also shown to launch a lesson. This helps the students visualize what will be happening in the lesson. Videos are also helpful to ESL students. Pictures help ESL students connect with the lesson. Student teachers should not take constructive criticism in a negative way. Student teachers should always react positively to suggestions and opportunities for growth. My cooperative teacher’s way of acting with me as a student teacher is the same way that she deals with her students. She takes a very active role in guiding me through the whole teaching experience. One thing that she does is make her own materials used in the classroom unavailable to me. This forces me to use my own materials and come up with my own activities for my lessons. I enjoy putting my own lessons together and coming up with my own activities for the students. She also models a very assertive discipline plan which I do feel is my weakest asset. She also gives me a lot of guidance in design and planning of lessons. For example, she told me to effectively teach fifth grade students I should always chunk the material into sections. By breaking the lesson into pieces students will have an easier time remembering the material being taught. By helping me throughout y teaching experience I have learned to react positively to her suggestions. Student teachers should always be socially articulate when speaking with their co-op teachers, administrations, parents and of course their students. Teachers should be role models for their students and language should be the top of the list of teacher priorities. This disposition is very important to me. I took public speakin g as a class in college and I feel that interpersonal skills are important. There is a precise way of speaking and making sure that prefixes and suffixes are clearly pronounced and articulated. Starting on the first day of student teaching I have always been punctual and my attendance has been pristine. I believe that teachers should always be on time. Whether it is for staff meeting or to start the day in their own classroom, students should never walk into a classroom in the morning without the supervision of a teacher. The teacher should always be standing in the doorway ready to greet his or her students to the start of a new day. Teachers should also treat all students fair and should not show partiality to any student in his or her classroom. As the student population in most American classrooms becomes increasingly diverse, teachers should develop a curriculum that meets the needs of all students. Teachers should prepare meaningful engaging lessons for all students regardless of their ethnic or religious background. Maintaining a nurturing, well managed learning environment is crucial to effective classroom management. At the beginning of the school year teachers must establish expectations for student behavior. These expectations should be clearly written in the classroom and should be visible for all students to see. The fifth grade classroom where I am doing my student teaching has a few students that like to challenge the authority of the teacher when it comes to giving an assignment. My co-op teacher has taught me to let the student know that we have thought about the issue, and they will also understand soon why the assignment is valuable to their learning. Teachers also have a responsibility to maintain student confidentiality. This could be as simple as not sharing grades with other students and also not displaying student’s grades. Teachers also should not share information about students with parents through email or by leaving messages on an answering machine. When kids come from divided families, one parent may not have the right to see or hear any information about the child. As a Para-educator I have come across parents in the grocery store who ask me specific questions about their child. I must politely tell them that they must ask their child’s teacher about such information. Teachers should always communicate effectively with students. Teachers should make eye contact when a student is speaking. This tells the student that you are really listening to what they have to say. In the fifth grade classroom I hear student speak a lot of slang. I do not converse with them in this language but I do let them speak as long as their language is appropriate. Teachers should also let their students speak. If a student is trying to tell you something, give him or her opportunity to finish the sentence before jumping in. It is very impolite to interrupt. Some students will ask me if they can speak to me in the hall. If a student is confiding in me I will listen and will not judge them. When planning lessons for the classroom I make sure that my lesson always has an activity. Student engagement is very important for learning. Students in my fifth grade classroom are always actively engaged in lessons through reading, working on interactive whiteboards or doing some type of research in the computer lab. Teachers may prepare flipcharts from Promethean Planet in many different subjects including spelling, language arts and reading vocabulary. Students also interact with each other through collaboration in study groups. Students who are engaged during the lesson have less of a chance for negative behavior. Finally before planning lessons I always check the grade level expectations for that particular lesson. Following grade level expectations is imperative to student learning and success, and what all students should know or be able to do by the end of each grade. Students should be able to achieve these expectations if teachers are fully prepared and committed to following the lesson. Teachers play many roles in the classroom from facilitating education to being a positive role model. I want to be the teacher that my students remember. I want to change lives.

The World's Most Ethical Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The World's Most Ethical Companies - Essay Example It will predict the possible effects of these ethical practices to the bottom line of the company. Furthermore, existing policies will be reviewed and recommendations on the areas that need to be improved will be provided. Moral Responsibility to Consumers It has always been the ethical value of L’Oreal to be open-mindedness, wherein it always listens and conforms to the needs and feedback from diverse consumers. Firstly, cultural and racial differences are considered in the development of beauty products to global consumers (L’Oreal, 2013b). The company is committed in providing the best quality beauty products at the most reasonable price to all its consumers for their satisfaction. It always values its consumers from the development to production of beauty products down to marketing and customer relationships. Each product is formulated in conformance to the consumers’ needs of beauty. Secondly, it is active in providing sustainable consumption to consumers ar ound the world by utilising natural ingredients, which bring natural effects to the health of consumers (â€Å"L’Oreal Publishes 2010 Sustainable,† 2011). ... The company has developed a packaging policy in its environmental program in considering the environmental impact of the packaging design. The company makes sure that all its packaging materials are weighed lightly in order to reduce the utilization of cardboard materials from trees. Its packaging design has been forest certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) for the last five years. The company sees to it that the raw materials used have passed under its selection system, which requires meeting its several sustainability standards, such as conformance to biodiversity, consumer safety, and long-term accessibility. The company has also adopted an initiative in minimizing its discharge of greenhouse gases through its participation of the Carbon Disclosure Project since 2003. Its initiative has reduced its discharge of carbon dioxide in the environment by 28% through adopting sustainable raw materials and production processes (L’Oreal, 2013c). Moral Responsibility to Em ployees Aside from its responsibility to consumers and the environment, the company has also been practicing ethical practices for its responsibility to its employees. The company offers personalized programs in inducting new employees to the company, which conform to their personalities, skills, and knowledge through comprehensive trainings. In order to make the transition of a new employee successful in the company, it offers a personalized program that includes training, meetings, and discussions with the right people (L’Oreal, 2013d). All employees are also entitled to all career development opportunities despite of race, color, and

Research Methodology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Methodology - Assignment Example By factoring the previous occurrences regarding related questions, the research would meet the basic threshold. In additions, the question need to factor aspects of improving on the management approaches of nursing practicum and offering alternatives into future related activities. The issues need documentation majorly those affecting the students, the support staff and supervisors. All the parties within the system need to factor to ensure that there are minimal exaggerations from the students. The questions need an appraisal to obtain data on all stakeholders within the sector, hence providing broad based data with conclusive impact. The approach of factoring all stakeholders would also facilitate and improve reliability and reliability of the research in related environments. Previous studies showing the positive attributes of the nursing practice needed to have informed the study, ensuring better conceptualization of the entire research. Moreover, anxiety and stress does not affe ct all the nursing students as people have varying components and the ability to absorb psychosocial pressures. Therefore, the study should have had informed outcomes with basis on these other relevant documentations of other factors apart from anxiety only. The author has identified the knowledge gap by indicating that the clinical practice plays a significant practical learning process of the nursing students. Therefore, there is a need to document and evaluate the issues affecting this learning process. The gap is that there is little documentation of researches specifically targeting learners in the nursing sector during their placement with an aim of ensuring that issues affecting them are addressed and solutions offered substantively (Maxton, 2008). Previous studies have been on senior level nursing students, but few research reports are based on the findings of the junior level-nursing students. The gap of knowledge should also factor,

Social Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Social Media - Assignment Example k is convenient and easy to get started with on your own procedures since it involves active participation in your Facebook page and promoting marketing developments in the page that is visible to other people who use Facebook website. Today, the social network has over 400 million members. Therefore, in social media marketing, Facebook becomes incredibly beneficial in promoting products across the globe through the use of social media (Evans, 2010.p 15). The procedures of using Facebook include registering a business page and keeping personal photos and information in isolation. Additionally, filling out the aspects of business profile, especially email and website address (Tuten & Solomon, 2013). This makes it simpler for other people and customers to find a company off of Facebook and still transact business activities. Besides, in the Facebook page, one can advertise specials and offer coupon codes to fans. Facebook advertising is fairly priced and gives an opportunity to market audiences by age, location and gender. The keywords in their profiles and other items can be found in the Facebook page to market more audiences and products. In this paper, Facebook has been discussed as the major social media outlet with components of a legally astute Facebook marketing manager, methods of alternative dispute resolution, consumer transactions on Facebook, branches of government, agency relationship and finally, media providers and business that utilize social network site for advertising (Funk, 2013.p 19) Four components exists as a legally astute manager (1) setting value laden attitudes based on the importance of law to firm success (2) proactive tactic to ruling (3) ability to exercise informed judgment when managing legal aspects of business and finally (4) the context of specific knowledge of law and appropriate use of legal tools (The Role Of the Media, 2004). A good manager needs to set overloaded attitudes towards obedience of laws that govern the firm for